清(qing)華大學(xue)(xue)（Tsinghua University）是中國著名高等(deng)學(xue)(xue)府，坐(zuo)落于北京西北郊風(feng)景秀麗的(de)清(qing)華園(yuan)。是中國高層次人才(cai)培養和科學(xue)(xue)技術研究(jiu)的(de)重要基地(di)之(zhi)一(yi)。目前，清(qing)華大學(xue)(xue)設(she)有(you)13 個(ge)學(xue)(xue)院，54個(ge)系，已成為一(yi)所具有(you)理學(xue)(xue)、工(gong)學(xue)(xue)、文(wen)學(xue)(xue)、藝術學(xue)(xue)、歷史學(xue)(xue)、哲學(xue)(xue)、經濟學(xue)(xue)、管理學(xue)(xue)、法學(xue)(xue)、教育學(xue)(xue)和醫學(xue)(xue)等(deng)學(xue)(xue)科的(de)綜合性、研究(jiu)型大學(xue)(xue)。

作為(wei)清華(hua)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)加強(qiang)(qiang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)基(ji)礎工業(ye)工程(cheng)素質教育(yu)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環節，清華(hua)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)基(ji)礎工業(ye)訓練中心承(cheng)擔著全(quan)校機類(lei)(lei)和近(jin)機類(lei)(lei)專(zhuan)業(ye)每(mei)年(nian)1800多名本科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)（占清華(hua)每(mei)屆本科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)2300人的(de)78%）每(mei)人16-26天(tian)（機類(lei)(lei)專(zhuan)業(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)總計26天(tian)、近(jin)機類(lei)(lei)專(zhuan)業(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)每(mei)人16天(tian)）的(de)金屬(shu)工藝(yi)課程(cheng)的(de)實(shi)習(xi)實(shi)驗的(de)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)任務，近(jin)年(nian)來一直在加強(qiang)(qiang)新(xin)技術、新(xin)制造工藝(yi)在教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中的(de)應用，加強(qiang)(qiang)與現代工程(cheng)應用實(shi)踐的(de)結合，為(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)創造了(le)先(xian)進的(de)、與現代工業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)同步的(de)實(shi)習(xi)環境(jing)。

軟件的應用情況

隨著當前(qian)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)在(zai)機(ji)械制造(zao)領域(yu)的廣(guang)泛(fan)應用，各類工(gong)(gong)(gong)程院校(xiao)的金屬工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)學(xue)與(yu)機(ji)械制造(zao)及其(qi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)/實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)程，都(dou)需要(yao)適時地引進(jin)新(xin)的技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)或工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，對(dui)課(ke)程體(ti)系、內(nei)容(rong)以(yi)及教(jiao)學(xue)方(fang)式方(fang)法等(deng)進(jin)行現(xian)代化(hua)改(gai)造(zao)，以(yi)適應社會經(jing)濟發展對(dui)人才培(pei)養的要(yao)求(qiu)。清華大學(xue)基礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)業訓練(lian)(lian)中心(xin)近(jin)年來積極探(tan)索(suo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐，不僅將現(xian)代CAD/CAM/CIMS新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)內(nei)容(rong)引入金工(gong)(gong)(gong)教(jiao)學(xue)，而且連續幾(ji)年成功地應用CAXA-CAD/CAM軟件開設了(le)包(bao)括數控(kong)(kong)車床加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、數控(kong)(kong)電火花線切(qie)割加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、數控(kong)(kong)銑床加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)/數控(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心(xin)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)特種加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)相應的實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)程和(he)訓練(lian)(lian)，為(wei)其(qi)它(ta)院校(xiao)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)程的改(gai)革和(he)建設樹立了(le)典范。(圖(tu)1、圖(tu)2為(wei)清華大學(xue)基礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)業訓練(lian)(lian)中心(xin)使用CAXA-CAD/CAM軟件編寫/出版的實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)指導書和(he)教(jiao)材。)

清華大學(xue)基礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業訓(xun)練(lian)中心目前每(mei)個學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)3天多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)技術新(xin)(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝實習應用CAXA制(zhi)造工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師、CAXA數(shu)控(kong)(kong)車、CAXA線切(qie)(qie)割(ge)等CAD/CAM/NC軟件(jian)(jian)在(zai)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)和數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)上進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。比(bi)如數(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)實習，時(shi)間1天，每(mei)天1個組或1個班學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)10-30人(ren)，只(zhi)有1臺(tai)用于教學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)。通過(guo)使(shi)用CAXA制(zhi)造工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師軟件(jian)(jian)，學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)教師指導(dao)下在(zai)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)上完成(cheng)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)維(wei)造型(xing)設計(ji)（CAD），并進行手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和自動(dong)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)編程(cheng)(cheng)（CAM-NC）訓(xun)練(lian)，確定加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式、刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)規(gui)格、切(qie)(qie)削(xue)用量(liang)等加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝參數(shu)，在(zai)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)上迅速生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)軌(gui)跡(ji)，并對加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)軌(gui)跡(ji)進行直(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)仿真(zhen)檢驗(yan)，或對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)軌(gui)跡(ji)進行再編輯，軌(gui)跡(ji)無誤后(hou)(hou)自動(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)G代(dai)(dai)碼，也還可以將手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)編寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)G代(dai)(dai)碼進行反讀(du)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)軌(gui)跡(ji)進行仿真(zhen)檢驗(yan)，教師也可以方便地(di)對學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)編寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)G代(dai)(dai)碼進行直(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)地(di)檢查(cha)。G代(dai)(dai)碼確認(ren)無誤后(hou)(hou)，即可根據數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)及其所使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)系統(tong)進行機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)后(hou)(hou)置處理和代(dai)(dai)碼傳輸，最(zui)后(hou)(hou)由學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自己動(dong)手裝卡毛壞、對刀(dao)(dao)調(diao)基準并操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)將自已的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)業加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完成(cheng)。學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)還可以將自己加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品作(zuo)(zuo)為紀念(nian)品自己保(bao)留或由中心作(zuo)(zuo)為展品展示收(shou)藏。1天訓(xun)練(lian)下來(lai)，不僅(jin)使(shi)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)完整地(di)經(jing)歷了(le)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)三(san)(san)維(wei)設計(ji)、數(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)削(xue)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝設計(ji)、手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)/自動(dong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)編程(cheng)(cheng)、數(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現代(dai)(dai)制(zhi)造過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實習訓(xun)練(lian)，同時(shi)也極大地(di)激(ji)發了(le)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)創新(xin)(xin)學(xue)習的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興趣，多(duo)(duo)數(shu)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou)來(lai)都參加了(le)由學(xue)校資助的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)SRT（Student Research & Training）計(ji)劃(hua)，并回到中心來(lai)完成(cheng)他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新(xin)(xin)項目制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)。